What does Orwell do in the opening two pages of the novel Essay Example For Students

What does Orwell do in the opening two pages of the novel ? Essay In the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, the author, George Orwell employs a range of different techniques such as similes, metaphors and symbolism to unnerve and keep the reader in anticipation, impelling them to read on. The novel is in a third-person narrative style, this technique employed by Orwell creates a distance between the central character, Winston Smith and the reader. This vagueness adds tension and mystery to Orwells depiction, only allowing the characters emotion to be revealed through dialogue. The narrative viewpoint also allows the reader to grasp an unbiased view of the character and his circumstances. Throughout these first couple of pages Orwell purposefully refuses to expand on things which confuse the reader. For instance, The hallway smelt of boiled cabbage and old rag mats, and simply doesnt give an explanation why. This deliberate omission is employed to purely keep the reader on edge and impel him/her to read on. Another example of this is towards the end of the second page, The Patrols did not matter, however. We will write a custom essay on What does Orwell do in the opening two pages of the novel ? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Only the Thought Police mattered. This line immediately grabs attention and creates suspense, but Orwell leaves it here. The reader is now left feeling insecure and leaves us questioning ourselves through mere confusion of what may be happening in this society. Another technique utilized by Orwell to disturb the reader is the use of unusual contradictions; an example of this is given in the first line. It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen. After reading this opening line the reader becomes confused because usual connotations of the word Bright wouldnt normally be associated with the word Cold. Therefore a bright cold day would seem a little irregular but effectively creates atmosphere and tension, this poetic technique is called an Oxymoron. After this Orwell goes on to portray the clocks striking thirteen, this again, is a clever contradiction introduced by Orwell which directly unsettles the reader. The number thirteen itself is known as an unlucky number, associated with evil. These unusually dark connotations all add to the obscurity of the feeling Orwell is trying to depict and leave the read mystified about what is going to happen. In addition to this Orwell applies various similes, metaphors, repetition and symbolism to convey different emotions across to the reader. An example of the similes used is on the second page, a helicopter skimmed down between the roofs, hovered like a bluebottle. This clever expression compares the hovering helicopter with a bluebottle fly. The helicopter snooping about annoying and hassling people just like the hovering pest Orwell wants it to be related with. The repetition used within these two pages is based around the block capital written captions, BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU. These headings are repeated twice; they are outstanding and emphasize the authority and presence of this establishment. Again, Orwell doesnt go into detail about what this organization symbolizes or stands for; he simply proceeds with the descriptions. This lack of knowledge of Big Brother leaves the reader wanting to know more about what control this unexplained leader has over the society. Furthermore, the symbolism which exploits this societys conduct with their people is portrayed through Winston Smith, the main character. Was thirty nine-nine and had a varicose ulcer above his right ankle and a small, frail figure, the meagreness of his body These descriptions of Winston prove that this society run by strangers, is under the unhealthiest of commands and nobody, especially Winston is treated correctly. These descriptions leave the reader with sympathy for Winston but still in a fearful atmosphere and anxious of what is going to happen. In conclusion to the question, George Orwell has employed successful and intelligent techniques that keep the story on a suspenseful edge whilst the reader and Winston Smith remain within a mysterious distance of each other. The distance is ample enough for the reader to be optimistic and impelled to go on.

Free Essays on Ancient Egypt

A. Summary: Many different kings and pharaohs governed Egypt. The kings and pharaohs were grouped into thirty-one dynasties. These dynasties were divided into smaller categories, which consisted of an â€Å"Old Kingdom†, â€Å"Middle Kingdom†, and â€Å"New Kingdom†. The basic assumption of Egypt and pyramids came from the Old Kingdom. Ancient Egypt became famous for having the longest river in the world, the Nile. It was the â€Å"most important feature of life in ancient Egypt† (page 10). The country’s fertile fields and food resources such as poultry and livestock relied on the soil of the river. The Nile was where the abundant amount of fish and nourishment came from. This body of water attracted many outsiders. Most of which were from Asia. Egyptians reacted to the Asian outsiders with disrespect. Although the Asians were not accepted at first, once they settled into Egypt, they could obtain jobs and marry Egyptians. The exchange of foreign g oods and services among countries was controlled entirely by the Pharaohs. After the Nile River, the main source of food was fish. The quantity of fish was so high, Ancient Egypt was then known as â€Å"a land of abundance† (page 60). Along with fish, agriculture became popular at this time period. The agriculture relied greatly on the Nile River as a source of fertility for the land. Another source of food was wild cattle that were hunted. The hunting procedure dropped soon after agriculture came into place. Egypt had the richest of lands; The soil contained stones such as gold, copper, malachite, alabaster, limestone, and granite used in building monuments. Society in Egypt was almost the total opposite of other Middle Eastern countries. Along with men, women’s positions depended upon their fathers and husbands. Women were ranked according to their husbands’ positions, but they were in their own economic status. Women had the right to own or rent property, engage in business, and trade ... Free Essays on Ancient Egypt Free Essays on Ancient Egypt Ancient Egyptian Agriculture There are many valid points to be made in Ancient Egyptian agriculture. Irrigation, ploughing and planting, harvesting, and of course, crops. These will be some of the subtopics I will be touching upon in this essay of ancient Egyptian agriculture. Irrigation When the Nile is overflowing, it floods the Delta and the lands called Libyan and Arabian, for a distance of a journey of two days from both banks in places, and sometimes, sometimes less. I could not learn anything about its nature, neither from the priests nor from anyone else. I was curious to learn why the Nile is flooding for a hundred days from the summer solstice; and when this time is passed, sinks again, and the river is low during the whole winter until the summer solstice again. -Herodotus, Histories 2,19 Above, is a quote from a man recovered from an article of writing back in the ancient Egyptian times. Irrigation is a form of re, there are two crops, one crop is getting all the water, and it’s flooding. With irrigation, the farmer will re-route the water towards the other crop, as well as sharing the water with the crop that was being flooded. So now, both crops are getting enough water and they are not flooding nor suffering from drought. Natural river irrigation shaped the early landscape of ancient Egypt. Drainage was not required for the Valley to become liveable. With the natural flooding and draining of the floodplain, the annual flood allowed a single crop-season over two-thirds of the alluvial ground. Once the main canals, many of them natural, were in place, they just had to be scoured yearly to prevent their clogging up. The levees had to be raised, and smaller ditches had to be re-excavated. Organized by the regional authorities, every Egyptian had to move about thirty cubic metres of soil in about ten days every ... Free Essays on Ancient Egypt A. Summary: Many different kings and pharaohs governed Egypt. The kings and pharaohs were grouped into thirty-one dynasties. These dynasties were divided into smaller categories, which consisted of an â€Å"Old Kingdom†, â€Å"Middle Kingdom†, and â€Å"New Kingdom†. The basic assumption of Egypt and pyramids came from the Old Kingdom. Ancient Egypt became famous for having the longest river in the world, the Nile. It was the â€Å"most important feature of life in ancient Egypt† (page 10). The country’s fertile fields and food resources such as poultry and livestock relied on the soil of the river. The Nile was where the abundant amount of fish and nourishment came from. This body of water attracted many outsiders. Most of which were from Asia. Egyptians reacted to the Asian outsiders with disrespect. Although the Asians were not accepted at first, once they settled into Egypt, they could obtain jobs and marry Egyptians. The exchange of foreign g oods and services among countries was controlled entirely by the Pharaohs. After the Nile River, the main source of food was fish. The quantity of fish was so high, Ancient Egypt was then known as â€Å"a land of abundance† (page 60). Along with fish, agriculture became popular at this time period. The agriculture relied greatly on the Nile River as a source of fertility for the land. Another source of food was wild cattle that were hunted. The hunting procedure dropped soon after agriculture came into place. Egypt had the richest of lands; The soil contained stones such as gold, copper, malachite, alabaster, limestone, and granite used in building monuments. Society in Egypt was almost the total opposite of other Middle Eastern countries. Along with men, women’s positions depended upon their fathers and husbands. Women were ranked according to their husbands’ positions, but they were in their own economic status. Women had the right to own or rent property, engage in business, and trade ... Free Essays on Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt Between 3100 and 332 B.C was the rise and climax of one of the richest and oldest ancient civilizations. It’s lifeline was the Nile river in the Nile valley. Here, Egyptian dynasties ruled from the first cataract of the Nile to the Mediterranean Sea. At the it’s height it ruled an empire that reached from Syria in the east to Nubia in the south. In this report I will be covering the Archaic Period, the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom the New Kingdom and The Late Period or 3100-332 B.C. Archaic Period: 3100 B.C to 2750 B.C There long history began with there first King who began the first Egyptian dynasty. In 3100 B.C Pharaoh Menes united upper and lower Egypt. Making Egypt’s first empire. In doing so, he made the Egyptian double crown. It was made by putting the red crown of Lower Egypt on top of the white crown of upper Egypt. Menes ruled from the ancient city of Thinis near Abydos. Under his reign the first hieroglyphic writing was made. He is also credited with making his empire interdependent. Old Kingdom: 2750 B.C to 2181 B.C / First Intermediate Period: 2182-2260 Little is known about Menes successors until the reign of Zoser at the end of the 3rd dynasty. His capital was located at Memphis on the Nile’s west bank. He built the world’s first pyramid and the first building of that size to be entirely made of stone. Even though it was a pyramid it wasn’t a true pyramid, but a step pyramid. After the reign of the last king of the Sixth dynasty (the last dynasty in the old kingdom.) Pepi II in 2181 B.C, there was a period of crisis and social upheaval known as the First Intermediate Period. The reasons leading up to this dark time, was a series of low floods and the result was famine during the Sixth dynasty. This undermined the stability of Egypt and provoked rebellion. What followed put Egypt in rapid decline. With no central power the provinces b...

Infection Control Policy in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Infection Control Policy in Australia - Essay Example The World Health Organization (2003, p.9) highlights that there have been emergencies of dangerous respiratory and other infectious diseases like tuberculosis over the years. Therefore, there is a need to introduce policies for healthcare facilities for the aged to control such infections and their spread. Infection control policy has been defined as the programs and procedures meant to monitor diseases within health care facilities, investigate, prevent and control the spread of such infections and their causes. Infection control policies involve the procedures, which are used in the healthcare facilities, which serve to minimize the spread of any infection to patients and other people. The infection control policy is a health branch of healthcare with a role to prevent healthcare associate’s infections. Hence, infection control policies serve to manage any spread of infections and infectious microorganisms in the healthcare facilities (World Health Organization 2003, p.9). T o ensure that transmission of infections is properly monitored, there is a need to inform the patients, their relatives, healthcare workers and people who are involved in caring for the aged. The Essex Health Protection Unit (2011, p.6) highlights that these policies have been developed for use by proprietors, healthcare personnel and care homes and their implementation helps to ensure that there is efficiency in management of risks associated with infections. Further, implementation of these policies ensures that quality of healthcare for the aged is improved. The World Health Organization (2003, p.12) highlights that infection control policies should have some defining characteristics for it to be effective. The first characteristic of the policy is the operating of systems for control of infections. This means that the policy should have regulations put in place to respond to any cases of infections. Secondly, the policy should have education and training programs for the healthc are personnel who are involved in nursing of the aged. They should be taken through training so that they can be able to understand what is required of them. Thirdly, the healthcare workers should be protected by the policy. The policy should ensure that healthcare workers health is protected through immunization programs and other methods, which promote prevention of infections when working (World Health Organization 2003, p.12). Lastly, the policy should identify potential hazards and ways of minimizing any risks of infections. According to NSW Health (2010, p.10) the main purpose of the policy is to lay down the fundamental principles of controlling infections in the Australian healthcare system. These foundations help the healthcare system to develop policies and procedures that are relevant for their own aged care nursing facilities. Infection control policies purposes can be implemented through either standard precautions or additional precautions (NSW Health 2010, p.3). The p olicy standard precautions are said to apply to all patients at all times irrespective of their health conditions (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence 2012, p.12). The first purpose of the infection control policies is to ensure Standard procedures are followed when dealing with patients. These precautions involve using basic standard healthcare precautions to provide a high degree of protection to the healthcare workers, the aged and people who are exposed to them.